![]() ![]() ![]() Here, we consider relevant physiological properties of the striatum by contrasting two common forms of adaptation found in all mammals: the acquisition of behavioral habits and physical skills. A fundamental question is how these two capacities-(motor behavior and reinforcement-based learning)-relate to each other and what role the striatum and other basal ganglia nuclei have in forming new behavioral repertoires. Interactions between the dopamine-containing neurons of the midbrain and their targets in the striatum are critical to this function. In parallel, however, the basal ganglia, and especially the striatum, are now widely recognized as being engaged in activity related to learning. Pathology within different basal ganglia circuits predictably leads to either hypokinetic or hyperkinetic movement disorders. Whether measured at the neuronal or regional level, the activities of neurons in the basal ganglia correlate with many movement parameters, particularly those that influence the vigor of an action, such as force and velocity. The nuclei and interconnections of the basal ganglia are widely recognized for modulating motor behavior. ![]()
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